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Journal of Virology, January 2001, p. 579-588, Vol. 75, No. 2
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.2.579-588.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Potent, Broad-Spectrum Inhibition of Human
Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by the CCR5 Monoclonal Antibody PRO
140
Alexandra
Trkola,1,
Thomas J.
Ketas,2
Kirsten A.
Nagashima,2
Lu
Zhao,2
Tonie
Cilliers,3
Lynn
Morris,3
John P.
Moore,1,
Paul J.
Maddon,2 and
William
C.
Olson2,*
The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New
York,1 and Progenics Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., Tarrytown,2 New York, and National
Institute for Virology, Johannesburg, South Africa3
Received 14 September 2000/Accepted 13 October 2000
CCR5 serves as a requisite fusion coreceptor for clinically
relevant strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and
provides a promising target for antiviral therapy. However, no study to
date has examined whether monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, or
other nonchemokine agents possess broad-spectrum activity against the
major genetic subtypes of HIV-1. PRO 140 (PA14) is an anti-CCR5
monoclonal antibody that potently inhibits HIV-1 entry at
concentrations that do not affect CCR5's chemokine receptor activity.
In this study, PRO 140 was tested against a panel of primary HIV-1
isolates selected for their genotypic and geographic diversity. In
quantitative assays of viral infectivity, PRO 140 was compared with
RANTES, a natural CCR5 ligand that can inhibit HIV-1 entry by receptor
downregulation as well as receptor blockade. Despite their divergent
mechanisms of action and binding epitopes on CCR5, low nanomolar
concentrations of both PRO 140 and RANTES inhibited infection of
primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by all CCR5-using
(R5) viruses tested. This is consistent with there being a highly
restricted pattern of CCR5 usage by R5 viruses. In addition, a panel of
25 subtype C South African R5 viruses were broadly inhibited by PRO
140, RANTES, and TAK-779, although ~30-fold-higher concentrations of
the last compound were required. Interestingly, significant inhibition
of a dualtropic subtype C virus was also observed. Whereas PRO 140 potently inhibited HIV-1 replication in both PBMC and primary
macrophages, RANTES exhibited limited antiviral activity in macrophage
cultures. Thus CCR5-targeting agents such as PRO 140 can demonstrate
potent and genetic-subtype-independent anti-HIV-1 activity.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Progenics
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591. Phone: (914) 789-2800. Fax: (914) 789-2807. E-mail:
olson{at}progenics.com.

Present address: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of
Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, U Pol 33, CH-8091
Zurich,
Switzerland.

Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill
Medical College of Cornell University, New York, N.Y.
Journal of Virology, January 2001, p. 579-588, Vol. 75, No. 2
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.2.579-588.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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