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Journal of Virology, October 2001, p. 9177-9186, Vol. 75, No. 19
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.19.9177-9186.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Additive Effects Characterize the Interaction of Antibodies Involved in Neutralization of the Primary Dualtropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolate 89.6

Florence Verrier,1 Arthur Nádas,2 Miroslaw K. Gorny,1 and Susan Zolla-Pazner1,3,*

Department of Pathology1 and the Institute of Environmental Medicine,2 New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, and Research Center for AIDS and HIV Infection, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York 100103

Received 15 February 2001/Accepted 29 June 2001

Human immunodeficiency virus-type I (HIV-1) infection elicits antibodies (Abs) directed against several regions of the gp120 and gp41 envelope glycoproteins. Many of these Abs are able to neutralize T-cell-line-adapted strains (TCLA) of HIV-1, but only a few effectively neutralize primary HIV-1 isolates. The nature of HIV-1 neutralization has been carefully studied using human monoclonal Abs (MAbs), and the ability of such MAbs to act in synergy to neutralize HIV-1 has also been extensively studied. However, most synergy studies have been conducted using TCLA strains. To determine the nature of Ab interaction in HIV-1 primary isolate neutralization, a panel of 12 anti-HIV-1 human immunoglobulin G (IgG) MAbs, specific for epitopes in gp120 and gp41, were used. Initial tests showed that six of these MAbs, as well as sCD4, used individually, were able to neutralize the dualtropic primary isolate HIV-189.6; MAbs giving significant neutralization at 2 to 10 µg/ml included 2F5 (anti-gp41), 50-69 (anti-gp41), IgG1b12 (anti-gp120CD4bd), 447-52D (anti-gp120V3), 2G12 (anti-gp120), and 670-D (anti-gp120C5). For studies of reagent interaction, 16 binary combinations of reagents were tested for their ability to neutralize HIV-189.6. Reagent combinations tested included one neutralizing MAb with sCD4, six pairs consisting of two neutralizing MAbs, and nine pairs consisting of one neutralizing MAb with another non-neutralizing MAb. To assess the interaction of the latter type of combination, a new mathematical treatment of reagent interaction was developed since previously used methods could be used only when both reagents neutralize. Synergy was noted between sCD4 and a neutralizing anti-gp120V3 MAb. Antagonism was noted between two pairs of anti-gp41 MAbs (one neutralizing and one non-neutralizing). All of the other 13 pairs of MAbs tested displayed only additive effects. These studies suggest that Abs rarely act in synergy to neutralize primary isolate HIV-189.6; many anti-HIV-1 Abs act additively to mediate this biological function.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: VA Medical Center (Room 18124N), 423 E. 23rd St., New York, NY 10010. Phone: (212) 951-3211. Fax: (212) 951-6321. E-mail: zollas01{at}popmail.med.nyu.edu.

Journal of Virology, October 2001, p. 9177-9186, Vol. 75, No. 19
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.19.9177-9186.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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