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Journal of Virology, September 2001, p. 8251-8258, Vol. 75, No. 17
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.17.8251-8258.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Tegument Protein VP22 Interacts with Histones, and the Carboxyl Terminus of VP22 Is Required for Nuclear Localization

Xiaodi Ren, Jerome S. Harms, and Gary A. Splitter*

Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin---Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1581

Received 14 May 2001/Accepted 11 June 2001

The bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) UL49 gene encodes a viral tegument protein termed VP22. UL49 homologs are conserved among alphaherpesviruses. Interestingly, the BHV-1 VP22 deletion mutant virus is asymptomatic and avirulent in infected cattle but produces only a slight reduction in titer in vitro. Attenuation of the BHV-1 VP22 deletion mutant virus in vivo suggests that VP22 plays a functional role in BHV-1 replication. In herpes simplex virus type 1, the VP22 homolog was previously shown to interact with another tegument protein,VP16, the alpha -transinducing factor in vitro. In this report, we show that (i) the nuclear targeting of VP22 is independent of other viral factors, (ii) the carboxyl terminus of VP22 is required for its nuclear localization, (iii) VP22 associates with histones and nucleosomes, (iv) an antihistone monoclonal antibody cross-reacts with VP22, and (v) acetylation of histone H4 is decreased in VP22-expressing cells as well as virus-infected cells. Our data suggest that VP22 may have a modulatory function during BHV-1 infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: AHABS, 1656 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706-1581. Phone: (608) 262-1837. Fax: (608) 262-7420. E-mail: splitter{at}ahabs.wisc.edu.

Journal of Virology, September 2001, p. 8251-8258, Vol. 75, No. 17
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.17.8251-8258.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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