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Journal of Virology, September 2001, p. 8054-8062, Vol. 75, No. 17
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.17.8054-8062.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Genetic Variation of Citrus Tristeza Virus Isolates from California and Spain: Evidence for Mixed Infections and Recombination

Luis Rubio,1 María Angeles Ayllón,2,dagger Ping Kong,1 Andres Fernández,2 MaryLou Polek,3 José Guerri,2 Pedro Moreno,2 and Bryce W. Falk1,*

Plant Pathology Department, University of California, Davis, California 956161; Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain2; and Central California Tristeza Eradication Agency, Tulare, California 932243

Received 9 March 2001/Accepted 18 May 2001

We examined the population structure and genetic variation of four genomic regions within and between 30 Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates from Spain and California. Our analyses showed that most isolates contained a population of sequence variants, with one being predominant. Four isolates showed two major sequence variants in some genomic regions. The two major variants of three of these isolates showed very low nucleotide identity to each other but were very similar to those of other isolates, suggesting the possibility of mixed infections with two divergent isolates. Incongruencies of phylogenetic relationships in the different genomic regions and statistical analyses suggested that the genomes of some CTV sequence variants originated by recombination events between diverged sequence variants. No correlation was observed between geographic origin and nucleotide distance, and thus from a genetic view, the Spanish and Californian isolates analyzed here could be considered members of the same population.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Plant Pathology, One Shields Ave., University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616. Phone: (530) 752-0302. Fax: (530) 752-5674. E-mail: bwfalk{at}ucdavis.edu.

dagger Present address: Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850.

Journal of Virology, September 2001, p. 8054-8062, Vol. 75, No. 17
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.17.8054-8062.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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