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Journal of Virology, September 2001, p. 7966-7972, Vol. 75, No. 17
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.17.7966-7972.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Simultaneous Positive and Purifying Selection on Overlapping Reading Frames of the tat and vpr Genes of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

Austin L. Hughes,1,* Kristi Westover,1 Jack da Silva,2 David H. O'Connor,3 and David I. Watkins3

Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 292081; Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 278582; and Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 537153

Received 28 February 2001/Accepted 27 May 2001

Tat-specific cytotoxic T cells have previously been shown to exert positive Darwinian selection favoring amino acid replacements of an epitope of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The region of the tat gene encoding this epitope falls within a region of overlap between the tat and vpr reading frames, and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions in the tat reading frame were found to occur disproportionately in such a way as to cause synonymous changes in the vpr reading frame. Comparison of published complete SIV genomes showed Tat to be the least conserved at the amino acid level of nine proteins encoded by the virus, while Vpr was one of the most conserved. Numerous parallel amino acid changes occurred within the Tat epitope independently in different monkeys, and purifying selection on the vpr reading frame, by limiting acceptable nonsynonymous substitutions in the tat reading frame, evidently has enhanced the probability of parallel evolution.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208. Phone: (803) 777-9186. Fax: (803) 777-4002. E-mail: austin{at}biol.sc.edu.

Journal of Virology, September 2001, p. 7966-7972, Vol. 75, No. 17
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.17.7966-7972.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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