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Journal of Virology, August 2001, p. 7131-7141, Vol. 75, No. 15
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.15.7131-7141.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Functional Analysis of Adenovirus Protein IX Identifies Domains Involved in Capsid Stability, Transcriptional Activity, and Nuclear Reorganization

Manuel Rosa-Calatrava,1 Linda Grave,2 Francine Puvion-Dutilleul,3 Bruno Chatton,1 and Claude Kedinger1,*

Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. de Strasbourg,1 Transgene S.A., 67000 Strasbourg,2 and Laboratoire Organisation Fonctionnelle du Noyau, UPR 1983 CNRS, 94801 Villejuif Cedex,3 France

Received 5 January 2001/Accepted 22 April 2001

The product of adenovirus (Ad) type 5 gene IX (pIX) is known to actively participate in the stability of the viral icosahedron, acting as a capsid cement. We have previously demonstrated that pIX is also a transcriptional activator of several viral and cellular TATA-containing promoters, likely contributing to the transactivation of the Ad expression program. By extensive mutagenesis, we have now delineated the functional domains involved in each of the pIX properties: residues 22 to 26 of the highly conserved N-terminal domain are crucial for incorporation of the protein into the virion; specific residues of the C-terminal leucine repeat are responsible for pIX interactions with itself and possibly other proteins, a property that is critical for pIX transcriptional activity. We also show that pIX takes part in the virus-induced nuclear reorganization of late infected cells: the protein induces, most likely through self-assembly, the formation of specific nuclear structures which appear as dispersed nuclear globules by immunofluorescence staining and as clear amorphous spherical inclusions by electron microscopy. The integrity of the leucine repeat appears to be essential for the formation and nuclear retention of these inclusions. Together, our results demonstrate the multifunctional nature of pIX and provide new insights into Ad biology.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: IGBMC, BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France. Phone: (33) 388-65-34-46. Fax: (33) 388-65-32-01. E-mail: kedinger{at}esbs.u-strasbg.fr.

Journal of Virology, August 2001, p. 7131-7141, Vol. 75, No. 15
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.15.7131-7141.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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