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Journal of Virology, August 2001, p. 6933-6940, Vol. 75, No. 15
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.15.6933-6940.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The Number of a U3 Repeat Box Acting as an Enhancer in Long Terminal Repeats of Polytropic Replication-Competent Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses Dynamically Fluctuates during Serial Virus Passages in Human Cells

Gregor Scheef, Nicole Fischer, Ulrich Krach, and Ralf R. Tönjes*

Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225 Langen, Germany

Received 22 December 2000/Accepted 2 May 2001

The organization and transcriptional regulation of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) long terminal repeats (LTRs) are unknown. We have studied the activity of LTRs from replication-competent molecular clones by performing luciferase reporter assays. The LTRs differ in the presence and number of 39-bp repeats located in U3 that confer strong promoter activity in human, simian, canine, feline, and porcine cell lines, whereas for LTRs devoid of the repeats, the promoter strength was significantly reduced. As the activity of a heterologous simian virus 40 promoter and a homologous repeat-deficient LTR was elevated by four 39-bp repeats independently of its orientation and location, the repeat box complies with the definition of an enhancer. During serial virus passaging of molecular PERV clones on human 293 cells, proviral LTRs demonstrated adaptation of transcriptional activity by dynamic changes of the number of 39-bp repeats in the course of up to 12 passaging cycles.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany. Phone: 49 6103 775304. Fax: 49 6103 771255. E-mail: toera{at}pei.de.

Journal of Virology, August 2001, p. 6933-6940, Vol. 75, No. 15
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.15.6933-6940.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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