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Journal of Virology, April 2000, p. 3537-3542, Vol. 74, No. 8
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Evidence for Recombination of Live, Attenuated Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine with Challenge Virus to a More Virulent Strain

Björn R. Gundlach,1 Mark G. Lewis,2 Sieghart Sopper,3 Tanja Schnell,1 Joseph Sodroski,4 Christiane Stahl-Hennig,5 and Klaus Überla1,6,*

Institut für Virologie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen,1 Institut für Virologie und Immunobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg,3 Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Göttingen,5 and Institut für Virologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig,6 Germany; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, Maryland2; and Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts4

Received 25 October 1999/Accepted 14 January 2000

Live, attenuated immunodeficiency virus vaccines, such as nef deletion mutants, are the most effective vaccines tested in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) macaque model. In two independent studies designed to determine the breadth of protection induced by live, attenuated SIV vaccines, we noticed that three of the vaccinated macaques developed higher set point viral load levels than unvaccinated control monkeys. Two of these vaccinated monkeys developed AIDS, while the control monkeys infected in parallel remained asymptomatic. Concomitant with an increase in viral load, a recombinant of the vaccine virus and the challenge virus could be detected. Therefore, the emergence of more-virulent recombinants of live, attenuated immunodeficiency viruses and less-aggressive wild-type viruses seems to be an additional risk of live, attenuated immunodeficiency virus vaccines.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Virologie, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 24, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. Phone: 49-341-9714314. Fax: 49-341-9714309. E-mail: ueberla{at}medizin.uni-leipzig.de.

Journal of Virology, April 2000, p. 3537-3542, Vol. 74, No. 8
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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