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Journal of Virology, April 2000, p. 3074-3081, Vol. 74, No. 7
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Mengovirus and Encephalomyocarditis Virus Poly(C) Tract Lengths Can Affect Virus Growth in Murine Cell Culture

Lee R. Martin,dagger Zane C. Neal,Dagger M. Scott McBride,§ and Ann C. Palmenberg*

Institute for Molecular Virology and Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin---Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

Received 23 June 1999/Accepted 29 December 1999

Many virulent aphthoviruses and cardioviruses have long homopolymeric poly(C) tracts in the 5' untranslated regions of their RNA genomes. A panel of genetically engineered mengo-type cardioviruses has been described which contain a variety of different poly(C) tract lengths. Studies of these viruses have shown the poly(C) tract to be dispensable for growth in HeLa cells, although the relative murine virulence of the viruses correlates directly and positively with tract length. Compared with wild-type mengovirus strain M, mutants with shortened poly(C) tracts grow poorly in mice and protectively immunize rather than kill recipient animals. In the present study, several murine cell populations were tested to determine whether, unlike HeLa cells, they allowed a differential amplification of viruses with long or short poly(C) tracts. Replication and cytopathic studies with four hematopoietically derived cell lines (CH2B, RAW 264.7, A20.J, and P815) and two murine fibroblast cell lines [L929 and L(Y)] demonstrated that several of these cell types indeed allowed differential virus replication as a function of viral poly(C) tract length. Among the most discerning of these cells, RAW 264.7 macrophages supported vigorous lytic growth of a long-tract virus, vMwt (C44UC10), but supported only substantially diminished and virtually nonlytic growth of vMC24 (C13UC10) and vMC0 short-tract viruses. The viral growth differences evident in all cell lines were apparent early and continuously during every cycle of virus amplification. The data suggest that poly(C) tract-dependent attenuation of mengovirus may be due in part to a viral replication defect manifest in similar hematopoietic-type cells shortly after murine infection. The characterized cultures should provide excellent tools for molecular study of poly(C) tract-mediated virulence.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute for Molecular Virology and Department of Biochemistry, 433 Babcock Dr., Madison, WI 53706. Phone: (608) 262-7519. Fax: (608) 262-6690. E-mail: acpalmen{at}facstaff.wisc.edu.

dagger Present address: Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.

Dagger Present address: University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53792.

§ Current address: Marquette University Law School, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881.

Journal of Virology, April 2000, p. 3074-3081, Vol. 74, No. 7
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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