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Journal of Virology, February 2000, p. 1443-1450, Vol. 74, No. 3
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Distinct Pathogenesis of Hong Kong-Origin H5N1
Viruses in Mice Compared to That of Other Highly Pathogenic H5
Avian Influenza Viruses
Jody K.
Dybing,
Stacey
Schultz-Cherry,
David E.
Swayne,
David L.
Suarez, and
Michael
L.
Perdue*
Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA
Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia 30605
Received 15 July 1999/Accepted 28 October 1999
In 1997, an outbreak of virulent H5N1 avian influenza virus
occurred in poultry in Hong Kong (HK) and was linked to a direct transmission to humans. The factors associated with transmission of
avian influenza virus to mammals are not fully understood, and the
potential risk of other highly virulent avian influenza A viruses
infecting and causing disease in mammals is not known. In this study,
two avian and one human HK-origin H5N1 virus along with four additional
highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses were analyzed for their
pathogenicity in 6- to 8-week-old BALB/c mice. Both the avian and human
HK H5 influenza virus isolates caused severe disease in mice,
characterized by induced hypothermia, clinical signs, rapid weight
loss, and 75 to 100% mortality by 6 to 8 days postinfection. Three of
the non-HK-origin isolates caused no detectable clinical signs. One
isolate, A/tk/England/91 (H5N1), induced measurable disease, and all
but one of the animals recovered. Infections resulted in mild to severe
lesions in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Most
consistently, the viruses caused necrosis in respiratory epithelium of
the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles with accompanying
inflammation. The most severe and widespread lesions were observed in
the lungs of HK avian influenza virus-infected mice, while no lesions
or only mild lesions were evident with A/ck/Scotland/59 (H5N1) and A/ck/Queretaro/95 (H5N2). The A/ck/Italy/97 (H5N2) and the
A/tk/England/91 (H5N1) viruses exhibited intermediate pathogenicity,
producing mild to moderate respiratory tract lesions. In addition,
infection by the different isolates could be further distinguished by
the mouse immune response. The non-HK-origin isolates all induced production of increased levels of active transforming growth factor
following infection, while the HK-origin isolates did not.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Southeast
Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 934 College Station Rd.,
Athens, GA 30605. Phone: (706) 546-3435. Fax: (706) 546-3161. E-mail: mperdue{at}asrr.arsusda.gov.
Journal of Virology, February 2000, p. 1443-1450, Vol. 74, No. 3
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
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