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Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 11858-11872, Vol. 74, No. 24
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Evolution of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope
during Infection Reveals Molecular Corollaries of Specificity for
Coreceptor Utilization and AIDS Pathogenesis
Qin-xue
Hu,1,
Ashley Perkins
Barry,2,
Zi-xuan
Wang,1
Shanon M.
Connolly,2
Stephen C.
Peiper,1 and
Michael
L.
Greenberg2,*
Henry Vogt Cancer Research Institute,
University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky,1
and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina2
Received 10 December 1999/Accepted 15 September 2000
The evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is
associated with a shift in the target cell population, driven by
variability in coreceptor utilization resulting from diversity in
env. To elucidate the potential consequences of these
changes for Env-mediated fusion over the course of AIDS, we examined
the biological properties of serial viral isolates and determined coreceptor utilization by the products of env cloned from
two individuals, followed from the detection of seroconversion
throughout the course of their infection. One had a typical course, and
the other had an accelerated progression. Early isolates were
non-syncytium inducing, and the corresponding Env exclusively utilized
CCR5, whereas Env from late phases of infection showed restricted
utilization of CXCR4 in both patients. Env from subject SC24, who had a
standard progression, demonstrated multitropism, manifested by
utilization of CCR3, CXCR4, and CCR5 in the intervening period. In
contrast, Env from patient SC51, who experienced early conversion to
the syncytium-inducing phenotype, developed dualtropic coreceptor utilization of CCR5 and CXCR4. Genetic analysis of env from
each isolate revealed that those with an X4 phenotype formed a distinct subcluster within each subject. Analysis of chimeras constructed from
R5 and multispecific env from patient SC24 demonstrated
that while the V3 domain played a dominant role in determining
coreceptor utilization, sequences in the V4-V5 region also contributed
to the latter phenotype. Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that
the hybrid Env proteins were expressed at similar levels. These
experiments demonstrate that progression from the R5 to X4 phenotype
may occur through a multi- or dual-tropic intermediate and that
multiple domains contribute to this process.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Center For AIDS
Research, Box 2926, Rm. 113 SORF Bldg., Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710. Phone: (919) 681-5598. Fax: (919) 684-4288. E-mail: green030{at}mc.duke.edu.

Present address: Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of
China.

Present address: Yerkes Regional Primate Center, Emory University,
Atlanta, GA
30329.
Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 11858-11872, Vol. 74, No. 24
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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