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Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 11286-11295, Vol. 74, No. 23
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

A Recent Outbreak of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Southern China Was Initiated by Two Highly Homogeneous, Geographically Separated Strains, Circulating Recombinant Form AE and a Novel BC Recombinant

Sucheep Piyasirisilp,1 Francine E. McCutchan,2 Jean K. Carr,2 Eric Sanders-Buell,2 Wei Liu,3 Jie Chen,3 Ralf Wagner,4 Hans Wolf,4 Yiming Shao,5 Shenghan Lai,6 Chris Beyrer,6 and Xiao-Fang Yu1,*

Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology1 and Department of Epidemiology,6 The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, and Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville,2 Maryland; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany4; and Guangxi Health and Anti-Epidemic Center, Guangxi,3 and Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing,5 China

Received 21 April 2000/Accepted 1 September 2000

New outbreaks of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) among injecting drug users (IDUs) are spreading in China along heroin trafficking routes. Recently, two separate HIV-1 epidemics among IDUs were reported in Guangxi, Southern China, where partial sequencing of the env gene showed subtype C and circulating recombinant form (CRF) AE. We evaluated five virtually full-length HIV-1 genome sequences from IDUs in Guangxi to determine the genetic diversity and the presence of intersubtype recombinants. Sequence analysis showed two geographically separated, highly homogeneous HIV-1 strains. B/C intersubtype recombinants were found in three IDUs from Baise City, in a mountainous region near the Yunnan-Guangxi border. These were mostly subtype C, with portions of the capsid and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes from subtype B. The subtype B portion of the capsid was located in the N-terminal domain, which has been shown to influence virus core maturation, virus infectivity, and binding to cyclophilin A, whereas the subtype B portion of RT was located in the palm subdomain, which is the active site of the enzyme. These BC recombinants differed from a BC recombinant found in Xinjiang Province in northwestern China. CRF AE strains were found in IDUs from Nanning, the capital of Guangxi, and in IDUs from Pingxiang City near the China-Vietnam border. The AE and BC recombinants were both remarkable for their low interpatient diversity, less than 1% for the full genome. Rapid spread of HIV-1 among IDUs may foster the emergence of highly homogeneous strains, including novel recombinants in regions with multiple subtypes.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205. Phone: (410) 955-3768. Fax: (410) 955-0105. E-mail: xfyu{at}jhsph.edu.

Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 11286-11295, Vol. 74, No. 23
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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