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Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 10911-10919, Vol. 74, No. 23
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Immunogenicity of an Anti-Clade B Feline Immunodeficiency Fixed-Cell Virus Vaccine in Field Cats

Donatella Matteucci,1 Alessandro Poli,2 Paola Mazzetti,1 Sabrina Sozzi,2 Francesca Bonci,1 Patrizia Isola,1 Lucia Zaccaro,1 Simone Giannecchini,1 Michela Calandrella,2 Mauro Pistello,1 Steven Specter,1,dagger and Mauro Bendinelli1,*

Department of Biomedicine, Retrovirus Center and Virology Section,1 and Department of Animal Pathology,2 University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

Received 17 July 2000/Accepted 6 September 2000

Attempts at vaccine development for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) have been extensive, both because this is a significant health problem for cats and because FIV may be a useful vaccine model for human immunodeficiency virus. To date, only modest success, producing only short-term protection, has been achieved for vaccine trials in controlled laboratory settings. It is unclear how relevant such experiments are to prevention of natural infection. The current study used a vaccine that employs cell-associated FIV-M2 strain fixed with paraformaldehyde. Subject cats were in a private shelter where FIV was endemic, a prevalence of 29 to 58% over an 8-year observation period. Cats roamed freely from the shelter through the surrounding countryside but returned for food and shelter. After ensuring that cats were FIV negative, they were immunized using six doses of vaccine over a 16-month period and observed for 28 months after the initiation of immunization. Twenty-six cats (12 immunized and 14 nonimmunized controls) were monitored for a minimum of 22 months. Immunized cats did not experience significant adverse effects from immunization and developed both antibodies and cellular immunity to FIV, although individual responses varied greatly. At the conclusion of the study, 0 of 12 immunized cats had evidence of FIV infection, while 5 of 14 control cats were infected. Thus, the vaccine was safe and immunogenic and did not transmit infection. Furthermore, vaccinated cats did not develop FIV infection in a limited clinical trial over an extended time period. Thus, the data suggest that a fixed, FIV-infected cell vaccine has potential for preventing natural FIV infection in free-roaming cats.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 37, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Phone: 39-050-553562. Fax: 39-050-559455. E-mail: bendinelli{at}biomed.unipi.it.

dagger Present address: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla.

Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 10911-10919, Vol. 74, No. 23
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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