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Journal of Virology, August 2000, p. 6953-6963, Vol. 74, No. 15
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Effect of the Murine Leukemia Virus Extended Packaging Signal on the Rates and Locations of Retroviral Recombination

Jeffrey A. Anderson,1 Vinay K. Pathak,2,3,4 and Wei-Shau Hu1,3,4,*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology,1 Department of Biochemistry,2 and Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center,3 School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, and HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, Maryland 21702-12014

Received 19 January 2000/Accepted 8 May 2000

Reverse transcriptase (RT) switches templates frequently during DNA synthesis; the acceptor template can be the same RNA (intramolecular) or the copackaged RNA (intermolecular). Previous results indicated that intramolecular template switching occurred far more frequently than intermolecular template switching. We hypothesized that intermolecular template-switching events (recombination) occurred at a lower efficiency because the copackaged RNA was not accessible to the RT. To test our hypothesis, the murine leukemia virus (MLV) extended packaging signal (Psi +) containing a dimer linkage structure (DLS) was relocated from the 5' untranslated region (UTR) to between selectable markers, allowing the two viral RNAs to interact closely in this region. It was found that the overall maximum recombination rates of vectors with Psi + in the 5' UTR or Psi + between selectable markers were not drastically different. However, vectors with Psi + located between selectable markers reached a plateau of recombination rate at a shorter distance. This suggested a limited enhancement of recombination by Psi +. The locations of the recombination events were also examined by using restriction enzyme markers. Recombination occurred in all four regions between the selectable markers; the region containing 5' Psi + including DLS did not undergo more recombination than expected from the size of the region. These experiments indicated that although the accessibility of the copackaged RNA was important in recombination, other factors existed to limit the number of viruses that were capable of undergoing intermolecular template switching. In addition, recombinants with multiple template switches were observed at a frequency much higher than expected, indicating the presence of high negative interference in the MLV-based system. This extends our observation with the spleen necrosis virus system and suggests that high negative interference may be a common phenomenon in retroviral recombination.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: HIV Drug Resistance Program, NCI, FCRDC, Building 535, Room 336, Frederick, MD 21702-1201. Phone: (301) 846-1250. Fax: (301) 846-6013. E-mail: whu{at}mail.ncifcrf.gov.

Journal of Virology, August 2000, p. 6953-6963, Vol. 74, No. 15
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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