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Journal of Virology, July 2000, p. 5845-5855, Vol. 74, No. 13
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Kinetic Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Assembly Reveals the Presence of Sequential Intermediates

Marc Tritel and Marilyn D. Resh*

Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Genetics, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021

Received 14 December 1999/Accepted 29 March 2000

The assembly and budding of lentiviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), are mediated by the Gag protein precursor, but the molecular details of these processes remain poorly defined. In this study, we have combined pulse-chase techniques with density gradient centrifugation to identify, isolate, and characterize sequential kinetic intermediates in the lentivirus assembly process. We show that newly synthesized HIV-1 Gag rapidly forms cytoplasmic protein complexes that are resistant to detergent treatment, sensitive to protease digestion, and degraded intracellularly. A subpopulation of newly synthesized Gag binds membranes within 5 to 10 min and over several hours assembles into membrane-bound complexes of increasing size and/or density that can be resolved on Optiprep density gradients. These complexes likely represent assembly intermediates because they are not observed with assembly-defective Gag mutants and can be chased into extracellular viruslike particles. At steady state, nearly all of the Gag is present as membrane-bound complexes in various stages of assembly. The identification of sequential assembly intermediates provides the first demonstration that HIV-1 particle assembly proceeds via an ordered process. Assembly intermediates should serve as attractive targets for the design of antiviral agents that interfere with the process of particle production.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., Box 143, New York, NY 10021. Phone: (212) 639-2514. Fax: (212) 717-3317. E-mail: m-resh{at}ski.mskcc.org.

Journal of Virology, July 2000, p. 5845-5855, Vol. 74, No. 13
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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