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Journal of Virology, May 2000, p. 4652-4657, Vol. 74, No. 10
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Successful Vaccine-Induced Seroconversion by Single-Dose Immunization in the Presence of Measles Virus-Specific Maternal Antibodies

Bernd Schlereth,1 John K. Rose,2 Linda Buonocore,2 Volker ter Meulen,1 and Stefan Niewiesk1,*

Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97078 Wurzburg, Germany,1 and Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 065102

Received 13 December 1999/Accepted 14 February 2000

In humans, maternal antibodies inhibit successful immunization against measles, because they interfere with vaccine-induced seroconversion. We have investigated this problem using the cotton rat model (Sigmodon hispidus). As in humans, passively transferred antibodies inhibit the induction of measles virus (MV)-neutralizing antibodies and protection after immunization with MV. In contrast, a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing the MV hemagglutinin (VSV-H) induces high titers of neutralizing antibodies to MV in the presence of MV-specific antibodies. The induction of neutralizing antibodies increased with increasing virus dose, and all doses gave good protection from subsequent challenge with MV. Induction of antibodies by VSV-H was observed in the presence of passively transferred human or cotton rat antibodies, which were used as the models of maternal antibodies. Because MV hemagglutinin is not a functional part of the VSV-H envelope, MV-specific antibodies only slightly inhibit VSV-H replication in vitro. This dissociation of function and antigenicity is probably key to the induction of a neutralizing antibody in the presence of a maternal antibody.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie, Versbacher Str. 7, 97078 Würzburg, Germany. Phone: 49 931 201 3441. Fax: 49 931 201 3934. E-mail: niewiesk{at}vim.uni-wuerzburg.de.

Journal of Virology, May 2000, p. 4652-4657, Vol. 74, No. 10
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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