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Journal of Virology, September 1999, p. 7912-7915, Vol. 73, No. 9
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Nuclear Transport of the Major Capsid Protein Is Essential for Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Formation

Mainul Hoque,1 Ken-ichiro Ishizu,1 Akiko Matsumoto,1 Song-Iee Han,1 Fumio Arisaka,1 Makoto Takayama,2 Kenji Suzuki,3 Kenzo Kato,3 Tadahito Kanda,3 Hajime Watanabe,1 and Hiroshi Handa4,*

Frontier Collaborative Research Laboratory4 and Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology,1 Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chuuou-ku, Tokyo 103-8411,2 and National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640,3 Japan

Received 26 February 1999/Accepted 15 June 1999

Adeno-associated virus capsids are composed of three proteins, VP1, VP2, and VP3. Although VP1 is necessary for viral infection, it is not essential for capsid formation. The other capsid proteins, VP2 and VP3, are sufficient for capsid formation, but the functional roles of each protein are still not well understood. By analyzing a series of deletion mutants of VP2, we identified a region necessary for nuclear transfer of VP2 and found that the efficiency of nuclear localization of the capsid proteins and the efficiency of virus-like particle (VLP) formation correlated well. To confirm the importance of the nuclear localization of the capsid proteins, we fused the nuclear localization signal of simian virus 40 large T antigen to VP3 protein. We show that this fusion protein could form VLP, indicating that the VP2-specific region located on the N-terminal side of the protein is not structurally required. This finding suggests that VP3 has sufficient information for VLP formation and that VP2 is necessary only for nuclear transfer of the capsid proteins.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Frontier Collaborative Research Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan. Phone: 81-45-924-5797. Fax: 81-45-924-5834. E-mail: hhanda{at}bio.titech.ac.jp.

Journal of Virology, September 1999, p. 7912-7915, Vol. 73, No. 9
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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