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Journal of Virology, September 1999, p. 7853-7859, Vol. 73, No. 9
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Induction of Apoptosis in Murine Coronavirus-Infected Cultured Cells and Demonstration of E Protein as an Apoptosis Inducer

Sungwhan An,1,dagger Chun-Jen Chen,1,2 Xin Yu,3,Dagger Julian L. Leibowitz,3 and Shinji Makino1,2,*

Department of Microbiology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 787121; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555-10192; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843-11143

Received 10 February 1999/Accepted 26 May 1999

We demonstrated that infection of 17Cl-1 cells with the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. MHV-infected DBT cells did not show apoptotic changes, indicating that apoptosis was not a universal mechanism of cell death in MHV-infected cells. Expression of MHV structural proteins by recombinant vaccinia viruses showed that expression of MHV E protein induced apoptosis in DBT cells, whereas expression of other MHV structural proteins, including S protein, M protein, N protein, and hemagglutinin-esterase protein, failed to induce apoptosis. MHV E protein-mediated apoptosis was suppressed by a high level of Bcl-2 oncogene expression. Our data showed that MHV E protein is a multifunctional protein; in addition to its known function in coronavirus envelope formation, it also induces apoptosis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555-1019. Phone: (409) 772-2323. Fax: (409) 772-5065. E-mail: shmakino{at}utmb.edu.

dagger Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.

Dagger Present address: Department of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.

Journal of Virology, September 1999, p. 7853-7859, Vol. 73, No. 9
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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