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Journal of Virology, September 1999, p. 7722-7733, Vol. 73, No. 9
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Epstein-Barr Virus Infection of Human Astrocyte Cell Lines

Anne Menet,1,2,* Cornelia Speth,2 Clara Larcher,2 Wolfgang M. Prodinger,2 Michael G. Schwendinger,2 Philippe Chan,1 Michael Jäger,3 Fritz Schwarzmann,3 Heidrun Recheis,4 Marc Fontaine,1 and Manfred P. Dierich2

INSERM U519, 76000 Rouen, France1; Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universität Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany3; and Institut für Hygiene2 and Institut für Allgemeine und Experimentelle Pathologie,4 Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria

Received 19 January 1999/Accepted 21 May 1999

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is implicated in different central nervous system syndromes. The major cellular receptor for EBV, complement receptor type 2 (CR2) (CD21), is expressed by different astrocyte cell lines and human fetal astrocytes, suggesting their susceptibility to EBV infection. We demonstrated the infection of two astrocyte cell lines, T98 and CB193, at low levels. As infection was mediated by CR2, we used two stable CR2 transfectant astrocyte cell lines (T98CR2 and CB193CR2) to achieve a more efficient infection. We have monitored EBV gene expression for 2 months and observed the transient infection of T98 and T98CR2 cells and persistent infection of CB193 and CB193CR2 cells. The detection of BZLF1, BALF2, and BcLF1 mRNA expression suggests that the lytic cycle is initiated at early time points postinfection. At later time points the pattern of mRNA expressed (EBER1, EBNA1, EBNA2, and LMP1) differs from latency type III in the absence of LMP2A transcription and in the expression of BALF2 and BcLF1 but not BZLF1. A reactivation of the lytic cycle was achieved in CB193CR2 cells by the addition of phorbol esters. These studies identify astrocyte cell lines as targets for EBV infection and suggest that this infection might play a role in the pathology of EBV in the brain.

* Corresponding author. Present address: INSERM U519, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 38 Blvd. Gambetta, 76000 Rouen, France. Phone: 33-2-35-14-85-42. Fax: 33-2-35-14-85-41. E-mail: annemenet{at}hotmail.com.

Journal of Virology, September 1999, p. 7722-7733, Vol. 73, No. 9
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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