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Journal of Virology, July 1999, p. 5326-5332, Vol. 73, No. 7
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Effects of Exonuclease Activity and Nucleotide Selectivity of the Herpes Simplex Virus DNA Polymerase on the Fidelity of DNA Replication In Vivo

Ying T. Hwang,1 Bu-Yuan Liu,1,2 Chi-Yuan Hong,2 Edward J. Shillitoe,1 and Charles B. C. Hwang1,*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York 13210,1 and School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan2

Received 9 December 1998/Accepted 30 March 1999

A mutagenesis system was developed for the in vivo study of the fidelity of DNA replication mediated by wild-type herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain KOS and its polymerase (Pol) mutant derivatives PAAr5, Y7, and YD12. The pHOS1 shuttle plasmid, which contained the SupF mutagenesis marker gene and the HSV oris sequence, was used for analysis of the mutation frequency and the mutation spectrum. All three Pol mutants induced significant increases in the mutation frequencies of the target gene, despite the fact that PAAr5 was previously shown to have an antimutator phenotype by the thymidine kinase mutagenesis assay (J. D. Hall, D. M. Coen, B. L. Fisher, M. Weisslitz, S. Randall, R. E. Almy, P. Gelep, and P. A. Schaffer, Virology 132:26-37, 1984; C. B. C. Hwang and J.-H. Chen, Gene 152:191-193, 1995). Altered spectra of mutated target genes induced by these three mutants were also observed. The relative frequencies of both deletion and complex mutations found in mutants induced by exonuclease-proficient Pols were significantly higher than those induced by exonuclease-deficient Pols. On the other hand, the exonuclease-deficient Pols induced significant increases in the frequency of base substitutions, which comprised predominantly G · C-to-T · A transversions, as well as mutations at additional hot spots. These results suggest that the HSV-1 DNA Pol can incorporate purine-purine or pyrimidine-pyrimidine mispaired bases which may be preferentially proofread by its intrinsic exonuclease activity. Furthermore, the effects of the sequence context of the target gene and the assay method should also be considered carefully in any analysis of replication fidelity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210. Phone: (315) 464-8739. Fax: (315) 464-7680. E-mail: hwangc{at}vax.cs.hscsyr.edu.

Journal of Virology, July 1999, p. 5326-5332, Vol. 73, No. 7
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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