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Journal of Virology, June 1999, p. 5010-5017, Vol. 73, No. 6
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Polarized Human Immunodeficiency Virus Budding in
Lymphocytes Involves a Tyrosine-Based Signal and Favors
Cell-to-Cell Viral Transmission
Julie
Deschambeault,1
Jean-Philippe
Lalonde,1,2
Guillermo
Cervantes-Acosta,1
Robert
Lodge,1,
Éric A.
Cohen,1 and
Guy
Lemay1,2,*
Département de Microbiologie et
Immunologie1 and Groupe de Recherche en
Transport Membranaire,2 Université de
Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
Received 18 August 1998/Accepted 19 February 1999
Maturation and release of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is targeted at the pseudopod of infected mononuclear cells.
However, the intracellular mechanism or targeting signals leading to
this polarized viral maturation are yet to be identified. We have
recently demonstrated the presence of a functional YXXL motif for
specific targeting of HIV-1 virions to the basolateral membrane surface
in polarized epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK).
Site-directed mutagenesis was used to demonstrate that the
membrane-proximal tyrosine in the intracytoplasmic tail of the HIV-1
transmembrane glycoprotein (gp41) is an essential component of this
signal. In the present study, immunolocalization of viral budding
allowed us to establish that this tyrosine-based signal is involved in
determining the exact site of viral release at the surface of infected
mononuclear cells. Substitution of the critical tyrosine residue was
also shown to increase the amount of envelope glycoprotein at the cell
surface, supporting previous suggestions that the tyrosine-based motif
can promote endocytosis. Although alteration of the dual
polarization-endocytosis motif did not affect the infectivity of
cell-free virus, it could play a key role in cell-to-cell viral
transmission. Accordingly, chronically infected lymphocytes showed a
reduced ability to transmit the mutant virus to a cocultivated cell
line. Overall, our data indicate that the YXXL targeting motif of HIV
is active in various cell types and could play an important role in
viral propagation; this may constitute an alternative target for HIV
therapeutics and vaccine development.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address:
Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Université de
Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montréal,
Québec, Canada H3C 3J7. Phone: (514) 343-2422. Fax: (514)
343-5701. E-mail: guy.lemay{at}umontreal.ca.

Present address: Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National
Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes
of
Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5430.
Journal of Virology, June 1999, p. 5010-5017, Vol. 73, No. 6
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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