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Journal of Virology, March 1999, p. 1949-1955, Vol. 73, No. 3
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Structure of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector DNA
following Transduction of the Skeletal Muscle
Nathalie
Vincent-Lacaze,1
Richard O.
Snyder,2
Régis
Gluzman,1
Delphine
Bohl,3
Catherine
Lagarde,2 and
Olivier
Danos1,*
Gene Therapy Program, Genethon III, CNRS URA
1922, Evry,1 and
Laboratoire Retrovirus
et Transfert Génétique, Institut Pasteur,
Paris,3 France, and
Cell Genesys, Foster
City, California2
Received 16 November 1998/Accepted 30 November 1998
The skeletal muscle provides a very permissive physiological
environment for adeno-associated virus (AAV) type 2-mediated gene
transfer. We have studied the early steps leading to the establishment
of permanent transgene expression, after injection of recombinant AAV
(rAAV) particles in the quadriceps muscle of mice. The animals received
an rAAV encoding a secreted protein, murine erythropoietin (mEpo),
under the control of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early
promoter and were sacrificed between 1 and 60 days after injection. The
measurement of plasma Epo levels and of hematocrits indicated a
progressive increase of transgene expression over the first 2 weeks,
followed by a stabilization at maximal plateau values. The rAAV
sequences were analyzed by Southern blotting following neutral or
alkaline gel electrophoresis of total DNA from injected muscles. While
a high number of rAAV sequences were detected during the first 5 days
following the injection, only a few percent of these sequences was
retained in the animals analyzed after 2 weeks, in which transgene
expression was maximal. Double-stranded DNA molecules resulting from de
novo second-strand synthesis were detected as early as day 1, indicating that this crucial step of AAV-mediated gene transfer is
readily accomplished in the muscle. The templates driving stable gene expression at later time points are low in copy number and structured as high-molecular-weight concatemers or interlocked circles. The presence of the circular form of the rAAV genomes at early time points
suggests that the molecular transformations involved in the formation
of stable concatemers may involve a rolling-circle type of DNA replication.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Gene Therapy
Program, Genethon III, CNRS URA 1922, Evry, France. Phone: 33-1-69 47 29 64. Fax: 33-1-69 47 28 38. E-mail: odanos{at}genethon.fr.
Journal of Virology, March 1999, p. 1949-1955, Vol. 73, No. 3
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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