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Journal of Virology, December 1999, p. 10137-10145, Vol. 73, No. 12
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Screening of Protective Antigens of Japanese Encephalitis Virus by DNA Immunization: a Comparative Study with Conventional Viral Vaccines

Hsin-Wei Chen,1 Chien-Hsiung Pan,1,2 Ming-Yi Liau,3 Ruwen Jou,3 Chiao-Jung Tsai,1 Hsin-Jung Wu,1 Yi-Ling Lin,1 and Mi-Hua Tao1,*

Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica,1 Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center,2 and National Institute of Preventive Medicine,3 Taipei, Taiwan

Received 16 June 1999/Accepted 17 September 1999

In this study, we evaluated the relative role of the structural and nonstructural proteins of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in inducing protective immunities and compared the results with those induced by the inactivated JEV vaccine. Several inbred and outbred mouse strains immunized with a plasmid (pE) encoding the JEV envelope protein elicited a high level of protection against a lethal JEV challenge similar to that achieved by the inactivated vaccine, whereas all the other genes tested, including those encoding the capsid protein and the nonstructural proteins NS1-2A, NS3, and NS5, were ineffective. Moreover, plasmid pE delivered by intramuscular or gene gun injections produced much stronger and longer-lasting JEV envelope-specific antibody responses than immunization of mice with the inactivated JEV vaccine did. Interestingly, intramuscular immunization of plasmid pE generated high-avidity antienvelope antibodies predominated by the immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) isotype similar to a sublethal live virus immunization, while gene gun DNA immunization and inactivated JEV vaccination produced antienvelope antibodies of significantly lower avidity accompanied by a higher IgG1-to-IgG2a ratio. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the JEV envelope protein represents the most critical antigen in providing protective immunity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529. Phone: 886-2-2652-3078. Fax: 886-2-2782-9142. E-mail: bmtao{at}ccvax.sinica.edu.tw.

Journal of Virology, December 1999, p. 10137-10145, Vol. 73, No. 12
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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