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Journal of Virology, October 1999, p. 8599-8611, Vol. 73, No. 10
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Initial Binding of Murine Leukemia Virus Particles to Cells Does Not Require Specific Env-Receptor Interaction

Massimo Pizzato,1,dagger Susan A. Marlow,2 Edward D. Blair,3 and Yasuhiro Takeuchi1,*

Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB,1 Polymasc Pharmaceuticals PLC, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2EZ,2 and Virology Unit, GlaxoWellcome, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY,3 United Kingdom

Received 12 November 1998/Accepted 10 June 1999

The initial step of virus-cell interaction was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. Single particles of murine leukemia virus (MLV) vectors and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were visualized by immunofluorescence. Fluorescent dots representing single virions could be localized by staining of capsid proteins (CA) or surface envelope proteins (SU) after fixation of virus supernatants. This technique can be used to determine particle concentration in viral supernatants and also to study virus-cell interaction. We investigated the role of the Env-receptor interaction for the initial binding event between the cell and the viral particles. Ecotropic MLV vector particles were shown to bind to human cells which do not express the specific viral receptor. In addition, MLV particles defective for Env were shown to bind the cells similarly to infectious MLV. Time course experiments of virus-cell binding and dissociation showed identical profiles for infectious and Env-defective MLV particles and suggested that MLV Env is not involved in the early phases of attachment of virus to cells. The possible implication of cellular factors in enhancing viral binding and infectivity is discussed.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, Wohl Virion Centre, University College London, 46 Cleveland St., London W1P 6DB, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 171 504 9569. Fax: 44 171 504 9555. E-mail: y.takeuchi{at}ucl.ac.uk.

dagger Present address: Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, University College London, London W1P 6DB, United Kingdom.

Journal of Virology, October 1999, p. 8599-8611, Vol. 73, No. 10
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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