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J Virol, August 1998, p. 6315-6324, Vol. 72, No. 8
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Inhibition of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Replication by CD8+ T Lymphocytes from Macaques Immunized with Live Attenuated SIV

Marie-Claire Gauduin,1 Rhona L. Glickman,1 Robert Means,2 and R. Paul Johnson1,3,*

Divisions of Immunology1 and Microbiology,2 New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772-9102, and Infectious Disease Unit and Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 021153

Received 8 January 1998/Accepted 21 April 1998

Characterization of immune responses induced by live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains may yield clues to the nature of protective immunity induced by this vaccine approach. We investigated the ability of CD8+ T lymphocytes from rhesus macaques immunized with the live, attenuated SIV strain SIVmac239Delta nef or SIVmac239Delta 3 to inhibit SIV replication. CD8+ T lymphocytes from immunized animals were able to potently suppress SIV replication in autologous SIV-infected CD4+ T cells. Suppression of SIV replication by unstimulated CD8+ T cells required direct contact and was major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted. However, CD3-stimulated CD8+ T cells produced soluble factors that inhibited SIV replication in an MHC-unrestricted fashion as much as 30-fold. Supernatants from stimulated CD8+ T cells were also able to inhibit replication of both CCR5- and CXCR4-dependent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains. Stimulation of CD8+ cells with cognate cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes also induced secretion of soluble factors able to inhibit SIV replication. Production of RANTES, macrophage inhibitory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha ), or MIP-1beta from stimulated CD8+ T cells of vaccinated animals was almost 10-fold higher than that from stimulated CD8+ T cells of control animals. However, addition of antibodies that neutralize these beta -chemokines, either alone or in combination, only partly blocked inhibition of SIV and HIV replication by soluble factors produced by stimulated CD8+ T cells. Our results indicate that inhibition of SIV replication by CD8+ T cells from animals immunized with live attenuated SIV strains involves both MHC-restricted and -unrestricted mechanisms and that MHC-unrestricted inhibition of SIV replication is due principally to soluble factors other than RANTES, MIP-1alpha , and MIP-1beta .

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Immunology, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, One Pine Hill Dr., P.O. Box 9102, Southborough, MA 01772. Phone: (508) 624-8148. Fax: (508) 624-8172. E-mail: pjohnson{at}warren.med.harvard.edu.

J Virol, August 1998, p. 6315-6324, Vol. 72, No. 8
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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