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J Virol, May 1998, p. 4116-4126, Vol. 72, No. 5
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Role of Matrix in an Early Postentry Step in the
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Life Cycle
Rosemary E.
Kiernan,
Akira
Ono,
George
Englund, and
Eric O.
Freed*
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology,
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0460
Received 22 December 1997/Accepted 6 February 1998
The matrix protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
has been reported to play a crucial role in the targeting of the Gag
polyprotein precursor to the plasma membrane and in the incorporation
of viral envelope glycoproteins into budding virions. In this report,
we present evidence that mutation of a highly conserved Leu at matrix
amino acid 20 blocks or markedly delays virus replication in a range of
cell types, including T-cell lines, primary human peripheral blood
mononuclear cells, and monocyte-derived macrophages. These mutations do
not impair virus assembly and release, RNA encapsidation, or envelope
glycoprotein incorporation into virions but rather cause significant
defects in an early step in the virus life cycle, as measured by
single-cycle infectivity assays and the analysis of viral DNA synthesis
early postinfection. This infectivity defect is independent of the type
of envelope glycoprotein carried on mutant virions; similar results are
obtained in pseudotyping experiments using wild-type or truncated HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins, the amphotropic murine leukemia virus envelope,
or the vesicular stomatitis G protein. Intriguingly, matrix residue 20 mutations also increase the apparent binding of Gag to membrane,
accelerate the kinetics of Gag processing, and induce defects in
endogenous reverse transcriptase activity without affecting virion
density or morphology. These results help elucidate the function of
matrix in HIV-1 replication.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Bldg. 4, Rm.
307, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone: (301) 402-3215. Fax: (301) 402-0226. E-mail: EFreed{at}nih.gov.
J Virol, May 1998, p. 4116-4126, Vol. 72, No. 5
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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