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J Virol, March 1998, p. 2072-2078, Vol. 72, No. 3
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

A Putative alpha -Helical Structure Which Overlaps the Capsid-p2 Boundary in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Precursor Is Crucial for Viral Particle Assembly

Molly A. Accola,1 Stefan Höglund,2 and Heinrich G. Göttlinger1,*

Division of Human Retrovirology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,1 and Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden2

Received 17 July 1997/Accepted 3 December 1997

The capsid (CA) and nucleocapsid domains of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag polyprotein are separated by the p2 spacer peptide, which is essential for virus replication. Previous studies have revealed that p2 has an important role in virus morphogenesis. In this paper, we show that a crucial assembly determinant maps to the highly conserved N terminus of p2, which is predicted to form part of an alpha -helix that begins in CA. A mutational analysis indicates that the ability of the N terminus of p2 to adopt an alpha -helical structure is essential for its function during virus assembly. To prevent CA-p2 processing, it was necessary to mutate both the CA-p2 cleavage site and an internal cleavage site within p2. Virions produced by the double mutant lacked a conical core shell and instead contained a thin electron-dense shell about 10 nm underneath the virion membrane. These results suggest that p2 is transiently required for proper assembly, but needs to be removed from the C terminus of CA to weaken CA-CA interactions and allow the rearrangement of the virion core shell during virus maturation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Human Retrovirology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jimmy Fund Building, Room 824, 44 Binney St., Boston, MA 02115. Phone: (617) 632-3067. Fax: (617) 632-3113. E-mail: Heinrich_Gottlinger{at}DFCI.harvard.edu.




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