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Journal of Virology, December 1998, p. 10157-10164, Vol. 72, No. 12
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The Unique Envelope Gene of the Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus Derives from ev/J Proviruses, a Novel Family of Avian Endogenous Viruses

Scott J. Benson,1 Brian L. Ruis,2 Aly M. Fadly,3 and Kathleen F. Conklin2,4,*

Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics,1 Department of Microbiology,4 and the Institute of Human Genetics,2 University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and USDA Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 488233

Received 4 August 1998/Accepted 11 September 1998

A new subgroup of avian leukosis virus (ALV), designated subgroup J, was identified recently. Viruses of this subgroup do not cross-interfere with viruses of the avian A, B, C, D, and E subgroups, are not neutralized by antisera raised against the other virus subgroups, and have a broader host range than the A to E subgroups. Sequence comparisons reveal that while the subgroup J envelope gene includes some regions that are related to those found in env genes of the A to E subgroups, the majority of the subgroup J gene is composed of sequences either that are more similar to those of a member (E51) of the ancient endogenous avian virus (EAV) family of proviruses or that appear unique to subgroup J viruses. These data led to the suggestion that the ALV-J env gene might have arisen by multiple recombination events between one or more endogenous and exogenous viruses. We initiated studies to investigate the origin of the subgroup J envelope gene and in particular to determine the identity of endogenous sequences that may have contributed to its generation. Here we report the identification of a novel family of avian endogenous viruses that include env coding sequences that are over 95% identical to both the gp85 and gp37 coding regions of subgroup J viruses. We call these viruses the ev/J family. We also report the isolation of ev/J-encoded cDNAs, indicating that at least some members of this family are expressed. These data support the hypothesis that the subgroup J envelope gene was acquired by recombination with expressed endogenous sequences and are consistent with acquisition of this gene by only one recombination event.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Human Genetics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Box 206 FUMC, 515 Delaware St., S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455. Phone: (612) 626-0445. Fax: (612) 626-7031. E-mail: kathleen{at}lenti.med.umn.edu.

Journal of Virology, December 1998, p. 10157-10164, Vol. 72, No. 12
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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