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Journal of Virology, November 1998, p. 8904-8912, Vol. 72, No. 11
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Factors Influencing Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated
Gene Transfer to Human Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cells:
Comparison with Adenovirus Vectors
S.
Teramoto,1
J. S.
Bartlett,1,2
D.
McCarty,2
X.
Xiao,2
R. J.
Samulski,2,3 and
R. C.
Boucher1,*
CF/Pulmonary Research and Treatment
Center,1
Gene Therapy
Center,2 and
Department of
Pharmacology,3 University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Received 18 May 1998/Accepted 24 July 1998
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors appear promising for use in
gene therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, yet many features of
AAV-mediated gene transfer to airway epithelial cells are not well
understood. We compared the transduction efficiencies of AAV vectors
and adenovirus (Ad) vectors in immortalized cell lines from CF patients
and in nasal epithelial primary cultures from normal humans and CF
patients. Similar dose-dependent relationships between the vector
multiplicities of infection and the efficiencies of lacZ
gene transfer were observed. However, levels of transduction for both
Ad and recombinant AAV (rAAV) were significantly lower in the airway
epithelial cell than in the control cell lines HeLa and HEK 293. Transduction efficiencies differed among cultured epithelial cell
types, with poorly differentiated cells transducing more efficiently
than well-differentiated cells. A time-dependent increase in gene
expression was observed after infection for both vectors. For Ad, but
not for AAV, this increase was dependent on prolonged incubation of
cells with the vector. Furthermore, for rAAV (but not for rAd), the
delay in maximal transduction could be abrogated by wild-type Ad helper
infection. Thus, although helper virus is not required for maximal
transduction, it increases the kinetics by which this is achieved.
Expression of Ad E4 open reading frame 6 or addition of either
hydroxyurea or camptothecin resulted in increased AAV transduction, as
previously demonstrated for nonairway cells (albeit to lower final
levels), suggesting that second-strand synthesis may not be the sole
cause of inefficient transduction. Finally, the efficiency of
AAV-mediated ex vivo gene transfer to lung cells was similar to that
previously described for Ad vectors in that transduction was limited to
regions of epithelial injury and preferentially targeted basal-like
cells. These studies address the primary factors influencing rAAV
infection of human airway cells and should impact successful gene
delivery in CF patients.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Gene Therapy
Center, CF/Pulmonary Research Center, CB #7352, Thurston-Bowles
Building, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
27599-7352. Phone: (919) 966-1077. Fax: (919) 966-7524. E-mail:
rboucher{at}med.unc.edu.
Journal of Virology, November 1998, p. 8904-8912, Vol. 72, No. 11
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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