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Journal of Virology, November 1998, p. 8550-8558, Vol. 72, No. 11
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
The Role of Interferon in Influenza Virus
Tissue Tropism
Adolfo
García-Sastre,1
Russell K.
Durbin,2
Hongyong
Zheng,1
Peter
Palese,1
Rachel
Gertner,3
David E.
Levy,3 and
Joan E.
Durbin2,*
Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai
School of Medicine, New York, New York 100291;
Children's Hospital Research Foundation and Department of
Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
432052; and
Department of Pathology,
New York University Medical Center, New York, New York
100163
Received 9 April 1998/Accepted 14 July 1998
We have studied the pathogenesis of influenza virus infection in
mice that are unable to respond to type I or II interferons due to a
targeted disruption of the STAT1 gene. STAT1
/
animals are 100-fold
more sensitive to lethal infection with influenza A/WSN/33 virus
than are their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Virus replicated only in
the lungs of WT animals following intranasal (i.n.) virus inoculation,
while STAT1
/
mice developed a fulminant systemic influenza virus
infection following either i.n. or intraperitoneal inoculation. We
investigated the mechanism underlying this altered virus tropism by
comparing levels of virus replication in fibroblast cell lines and
murine embryonic fibroblasts derived from WT mice, STAT
/
mice, and
mice lacking gamma interferon (IFN
/
mice) or the IFN-
receptor (IFN
R
/
mice). Influenza A/WSN/33 virus replicates to
high titers in STAT1
/
or IFN
R
/
fibroblasts, while cells
derived from WT or IFN
/
animals are resistant to influenza virus
infection. Immunofluorescence studies using WT fibroblast cell lines
demonstrated that only a small subpopulation of WT cells can be
infected and that in the few infected WT cells, virus replication is
aborted at an early, nuclear phase. In all organs examined except the
lung, influenza A WSN/33 virus infection is apparently prevented by an
intact type I interferon response. Our results demonstrate that type I
interferon plays an important role in determining the pathogenicity and
tissue restriction of influenza A/WSN/33 virus in vivo and in vitro.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Children's
Hospital Research Foundation, 650 Children's Dr., Columbus, OH 43205. Phone: (614) 722-2798. Fax: (614) 722-2817. E-mail:
DurbinJ{at}pediatrics.ohio-state.edu.
Journal of Virology, November 1998, p. 8550-8558, Vol. 72, No. 11
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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