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J Virol, January 1998, p. 677-683, Vol. 72, No. 1
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Extent of Antigenic Diversity in the V3 Region of the Surface Glycoprotein, gp120, of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group M and Consequences for Serotyping

Jean-Christophe Plantier,¹ Sophie Le Pogam,¹ Francis Poisson,¹ Laurence Buzelay,¹ Bernard Lejeune,² and Francis Barin^1,*

Laboratoire de Virologie, EP CNRS 117,¹ and Laboratoire de Biophysique Pharmaceutique et Biomathématiques,² Université François Rabelais, Tours, France

Received 20 February 1997/Accepted 24 September 1997

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) may be studied by molecular or immunological approaches. Most analyses have been performed by genetic comparison of isolates and have led to the definition of clades or subtypes within the major (M) group of HIV-1. Five subtypes (A to E) were initially identified by comparison of genomic sequences. Four new subtypes (F to I) were identified more recently. Amino acid differences in the immunogenic V3 loop between isolates have also been studied, leading to a phenetic classification of at least 14 clusters (1 to 14) of sequences (B. T. M. Korber, K. McInnes, R. F. Smith, and G. Myers, J. Virol. 68:6730-6744, 1994). In this study, we compared the antigenicity of the V3 consensus sequences defined by phylogenetic analysis to the antigenicity of those defined by phenetic analysis. We used a recently developed subtype-specific enzyme immunoassay (SSEIA) that uses the principle of blocking with an excess of peptide in the liquid phase. Two SSEIAs were performed, the first with five V3 sequences defined by phylogenetic analysis and the second with 14 V3 sequences defined by phenetic analysis. A total of 168 HIV-1 sera taken from seropositive individuals from seven different countries or regions were studied. Experimental and statistical data, including correlation matrix and cluster analyses, demonstrated associations between the genetic subtypes and phenetically associated groups. Most of these were predicted by Korber et al. (J. Virol. 68:6730-6744, 1994) by theoretical analysis. We also found that V3 sequences can be grouped into between three and five antigenically unrelated categories. Residues that may be responsible for major antigenic differences were identified at the apex of the V3 loop, within the octapeptide xIGPGxxx, where x represents the critical positions. Our study provides evidence that there is a limited number of V3 serotypes which could be easily monitored by serological assays to study the diversity and dynamics of HIV-1 strains.

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^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de Virologie, EP CNRS 117, CHRU Bretonneau, 37044 Tours Cedex, France. Phone: (33) 2 47 47 80 58. Fax: (33) 2 47 47 36 10.

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