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J. Virol., Sep 1997, 6869-6874, Vol 71, No. 9
H Mo, L Stamatatos, JE Ip, CF Barbas, PW Parren, DR Burton, JP Moore and DD Ho
IgG1b12, a human monoclonal antibody (MAb) to an epitope overlapping the
CD4-binding site on gp120, has broad and potent neutralizing activity
against most primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV- 1) isolates.
To assess whether and how escape mutants resistant to IgG1b12 can be
generated, we cultured primary HIV-1 strain JRCSF in its presence. An
escape mutant emerged which was approximately 100-fold more resistant to
neutralization by IgG1b12. Both virion-associated and solubilized gp120
from this variant had a reduced affinity for IgG1b12, and sequencing of its
env gene showed that amino acid substitutions had occurred at three
positions within gp120. Two (D164N and D182N) were located in V2, and one
(P365L) was in C3. By site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrated that the
D182N and P365L mutations, but not D164N, contribute to the
IgG1b12-resistant phenotype. However, the former two substitutions,
individually or in combination, hinder the replication of the
neutralization-resistant virus. Introduction of the D164N substitution into
the P365L variant results in a nonviable virus (D164N/P365L). In contrast,
addition of D164N to the D182N or D182N/P365L mutant partially restored
replicative function to near wild- type levels. Furthermore, we found that
all of the IgG1b12-resistant mutant viruses remained sensitive to other
human MAbs, such as 2G12 and 2F5, and to the CD4-IgG molecule, except that
the P365L-containing mutant was slightly resistant to CD4-IgG. These
results suggest that escape from IgG1b12 neutralization is due to a local
rather than a global modification of the gp120 structure. Our findings have
implications for the therapeutic and prophylactic applications of
antibodies for HIV-1 infection.
Copyright © 1997, American Society for Microbiology
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants that escape neutralization by human monoclonal antibody IgG1b12. off
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016, USA.
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