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J. Virol., Nov 1997, 8531-8541, Vol 71, No. 11
SL Buge, E Richardson, S Alipanah, P Markham, S Cheng, N Kalyan, CJ Miller, M Lubeck, S Udem, J Eldridge and M Robert-Guroff
Six female rhesus macaques were immunized orally and intranasally at 0
weeks and intratracheally at 12 weeks with an adenovirus type 5 host range
mutant (Ad5hr)-simian immunodeficiency virus SIVsm env recombinant and at
24 and 36 weeks with native SIVmac251 gp120 in Syntex adjuvant. Four
macaques received the Ad5hr vector and adjuvant alone; two additional
controls were naive. In vivo replication of the Ad5hr wild-type and
recombinant vectors occurred with detection of Ad5 DNA in stool samples
and/or nasal secretions in all macaques and increases in Ad5 neutralizing
antibody in 9 of 10 macaques following Ad administrations. SIV-specific
neutralizing antibodies appeared after the second recombinant immunization
and rose to titers > 10,000 following the second subunit boost.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies able to bind gp120 developed in
nasal and rectal secretions, and SIV-specific IgGs were also observed in
vaginal secretions and saliva. T-cell proliferative responses to SIV gp140
and T-helper epitopes were sporadically detected in all immunized macaques.
Following vaginal challenge with SIVmac251, transient or persistent
infection resulted in both immunized and control monkeys. The mean viral
burden in persistently infected immunized macaques was significantly
decreased in the primary infection period compared to that of control
macaques. These results establish in vivo use of the Ad5hr vector, which
overcomes the host range restriction of human Ads for rhesus macaques,
thereby providing a new model for evaluation of Ad- based vaccines. In
addition, they show that a vaccine regimen using the Ad5hr-SIV env
recombinant and gp120 subunit induces strong humoral, cellular, and mucosal
immunity in rhesus macaques. The reduced viral burden achieved solely with
an env-based vaccine supports further development of Ad-based vaccines
comprising additional viral components for immune therapy and AIDS vaccine
development.
Copyright © 1997, American Society for Microbiology
An adenovirus-simian immunodeficiency virus env vaccine elicits humoral, cellular, and mucosal immune responses in rhesus macaques and decreases viral burden following vaginal challenge
Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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