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Journal of Virology, May 2009, p. 4591-4604, Vol. 83, No. 9
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01833-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Signal Peptide of a Simple Retrovirus Envelope Functions as a Posttranscriptional Regulator of Viral Gene Expression{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Marco Caporale, Frederick Arnaud, Manuela Mura, Matthew Golder, Claudio Murgia, and Massimo Palmarini*

Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Glasgow, Scotland

Received 1 September 2008/ Accepted 17 February 2009

Retroviruses use different strategies to regulate transcription and translation and exploit the cellular machinery involved in these processes. This study shows that the signal peptide of the envelope glycoprotein (Env) of Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) plays a major role in posttranscriptional viral gene expression. Expression of the JSRV Env in trans increases viral particle production by mechanisms dependent on (i) its leader sequence, (ii) an intact signal peptide cleavage site, (iii) a cis-acting RNA-responsive element located in the viral genome, (iv) Crm1, and (v) B23. The signal peptide of the JSRV Env (JSE-SP) is 80 amino acid residues in length and contains putative nuclear localization and export signals, in addition to an arginine-rich RNA binding motif. JSE-SP localizes both in the endoplasmic reticulum and in the nucleus, where it colocalizes with nucleolar markers. JSE-SP is a multifunctional protein, as it moderately enhances nuclear export of unspliced viral mRNA and considerably increases viral particle release by favoring a posttranslational step of the replication cycle.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland. Phone: 44-(0)141-3302541. Fax: 44-(0)141-3302271. E-mail: m.palmarini{at}vet.gla.ac.uk

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 25 February 2009.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jvi.asm.org/.

Journal of Virology, May 2009, p. 4591-4604, Vol. 83, No. 9
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01833-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Nitta, T., Hofacre, A., Hull, S., Fan, H. (2009). Identification and Mutational Analysis of a Rej Response Element in Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus RNA. J. Virol. 83: 12499-12511 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hofacre, A., Nitta, T., Fan, H. (2009). Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Encodes a Regulatory Factor, Rej, Required for Synthesis of Gag Protein. J. Virol. 83: 12483-12498 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
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