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Journal of Virology, April 2009, p. 3834-3842, Vol. 83, No. 8
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01773-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Lambda Interferon Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection of Macrophages {triangledown}

Wei Hou,1,2 Xu Wang,1 Li Ye,1 Lin Zhou,1 Zhan-Qiu Yang,2 Eric Riedel,1 and Wen-Zhe Ho1*

Division of Allergy and Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr., Research Institute at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,1 Institute of Medical Virology, Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China2

Received 21 August 2008/ Accepted 15 January 2009

The newly identified type III interferon (IFN-{lambda}) has antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of viruses. We thus examined whether IFN-{lambda} has the ability to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of blood monocyte-derived macrophages that expressed IFN-{lambda} receptors. Both IFN-{lambda}1 and IFN-{lambda}2, when added to macrophage cultures, inhibited HIV-1 infection and replication. This IFN-{lambda}-mediated anti-HIV-1 activity is broad, as IFN-{lambda} could inhibit infection by both laboratory-adapted and clinical strains of HIV-1. Investigations of the mechanism(s) responsible for the IFN-{lambda} action showed that although IFN-{lambda} had little effect on HIV-1 entry coreceptor CCR5 expression, IFN-{lambda} induced the expression of CC chemokines, the ligands for CCR5. In addition, IFN-{lambda} upregulated intracellular expression of type I IFNs and APOBEC3G/3F, the newly identified anti-HIV-1 cellular factors. These data provide direct and compelling evidence that IFN-{lambda}, through both extracellular and intracellular antiviral mechanisms, inhibits HIV-1 replication in macrophages. These findings indicate that IFN-{lambda} may have therapeutic value in the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Allergy & Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: (215) 590-4462. Fax: (215) 590-2025. E-mail: ho{at}email.chop.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 4 February 2009.

Journal of Virology, April 2009, p. 3834-3842, Vol. 83, No. 8
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01773-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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