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Journal of Virology, April 2009, p. 2917-2929, Vol. 83, No. 7
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02246-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Are Human P[14] Rotavirus Strains the Result of Interspecies Transmissions from Sheep or Other Ungulates That Belong to the Mammalian Order Artiodactyla?{triangledown}

Jelle Matthijnssens,1* Christiaan A. Potgieter,2 Max Ciarlet,3 Viviana Parreño,4 Vito Martella,5 Krisztián Bányai,6 Lorena Garaicoechea,4 Enzo A. Palombo,7 Luis Novo,1 Mark Zeller,1 Serenella Arista,8 Giuseppe Gerna,9 Mustafizur Rahman,1,10 and Marc Van Ranst1

Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,1 Virology Division, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa,2 Infectious Diseases and Vaccines—Clinical Research, Merck Laboratories, North Wales, Pennsylvania 19454,3 Virology Institute, CICV y A, National Institute of Agriculture Technology (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina,4 Department of Public Health and Animal Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy,5 Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary,6 Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia,7 G. D'Alessandro Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy,8 Viral Diagnostic Service, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy,9 Laboratory of Virology, ICDDR, B. Mohakhali, 1212 Dhaka, Bangladesh,10

Received 25 October 2008/ Accepted 9 January 2009

A limited number of human G6P[14] rotavirus strains that cause gastroenteritis in humans have been isolated in Europe and Australia. The complete genome sequences were determined for five of these human strains—B10925-97 (isolated in Belgium in 1997), 111/05-27 (Italy, 2005), PA169 (Italy, 1987), MG6 (Australia, 1993), and Hun5 (Hungary, 1997)—and their genetic relatedness to animal rotavirus strains was evaluated by sequencing the complete genome of the sheep rotavirus OVR762 (G8P[14]; Spain, 2002), the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) rotavirus strains Arg/Chubut/99 and Arg/Río Negro/98 (G8P[14] and G8P[1], respectively; Argentina, 1999 and 1998), the sable antelope strain RC-18/08 (G6P[14]; South Africa, 2008), and the bovine rotavirus strain Arg/B383/98 (G15P[11]; Argentina, 1998). These analyses revealed an overall consensus genomic constellation (G6/G8)-P[14]-I2-(R2/R5)-C2-M2-(A3/A11)-N2-T6-(E2/E12)-H3, together with a few gene reassortments, and the phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the P[14] human strains evaluated in this study were closely related to rotavirus strains isolated from sheep, cattle, goats, guanacos, and antelopes and to rabbits (albeit to a lesser extent), suggesting that one (or more) of these animal species might be the source of the human G6P[14] strains. The main feature of the genotype and phylogenetic analyses was the close overall genomic relatedness between the five human G6P[14] rotavirus strains and the ovine and antelope rotavirus strains. Taken together, these data strongly suggest a common origin for the human P[14] strains and those of the even-toed ungulates belonging to the mammalian order Artiodactyla, with sheep probably playing a key role in the interspecies transmission responsible for the introduction of P[14] rotavirus strains into the human population.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Phone: 32-16-332166. Fax: 32-16-332131. E-mail: jelle.matthijnssens{at}uz.kuleuven.be

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 19 January 2009.

Journal of Virology, April 2009, p. 2917-2929, Vol. 83, No. 7
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02246-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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