This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Lowen, A. C.
Right arrow Articles by Palese, P.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Lowen, A. C.
Right arrow Articles by Palese, P.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Virology, April 2009, p. 2803-2818, Vol. 83, No. 7
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02424-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Blocking Interhost Transmission of Influenza Virus by Vaccination in the Guinea Pig Model{triangledown}

Anice C. Lowen,1,{dagger} John Steel,1,{dagger} Samira Mubareka,1 Elena Carnero,1 Adolfo García-Sastre,1,2,3 and Peter Palese1,2*

Department of Microbiology,1 Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases,2 Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Pl., New York, New York 10029-65743

Received 24 November 2008/ Accepted 9 January 2009

Interventions aimed at preventing viral spread have the potential to effectively control influenza virus in all age groups, thereby reducing the burden of influenza illness. For this reason, we have examined the efficacy of vaccination in blocking the transmission of influenza viruses between guinea pigs. Three modes of immunization were compared: (i) natural infection; (ii) intramuscular administration of whole, inactivated influenza virus in 2 doses; and (iii) intranasal inoculation with live attenuated influenza virus in 2 doses. The ability of each immunization method to block the spread of a homologous (A/Panama/2007/99) H3N2 subtype and a heterologous (A/Wisconsin/67/05) H3N2 subtype influenza virus was tested. We found that previous infection through a natural route provided sterilizing immunity against both homologous and heterologous challenges; thus, no transmission to or from previously infected animals was observed. Vaccination with an inactivated influenza virus vaccine, in contrast, did not prevent guinea pigs from becoming infected upon challenge with either virus. Thus, both intranasal inoculation and exposure to an acutely infected guinea pig led to the infection of vaccinated animals. Vaccination with inactivated virus did, however, reduce viral load upon challenge and decrease the number of secondary transmission events from vaccinated animals to naïve cage mates. Vaccination with a live attenuated virus was found to be more efficacious than vaccination with inactivated virus, resulting in sterilizing immunity against homologous challenge and full protection against the transmission of the homologous and heterologous viruses to naïve contacts. In conclusion, we have shown that the guinea pig model can be used to test influenza virus vaccines and that the efficiency of transmission is a valuable readout when vaccine efficacy is evaluated.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Pl., New York, NY 10029-6574. Phone: (212) 241-7318. Fax: (212) 722-3634. E-mail: peter.palese{at}mssm.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 19 January 2009.

{dagger} A.C.L. and J.S. contributed equally to this work.

Journal of Virology, April 2009, p. 2803-2818, Vol. 83, No. 7
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02424-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»