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Journal of Virology, December 2009, p. 12569-12578, Vol. 83, No. 23
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01141-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Autographa californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Core Gene ac96 Encodes a Per Os Infectivity Factor (pif-4){triangledown}

Minggang Fang,1 Yingchao Nie,2 Stephanie Harris,3 Martin A. Erlandson,3* and David A. Theilmann1,2*

Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Box 5000, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0,1 Plant Science, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4,2 Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X23

Received 3 June 2009/ Accepted 31 August 2009

Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) ac96 is a core gene, but its role in virus replication is still unknown. To determine its role in the baculovirus life cycle, we used the AcMNPV bacmid system to generate an ac96-null virus (vAc96null). Our analyses showed that the absence of ac96 does not affect budded virus (BV) production or viral DNA replication in infected Sf9 cells. Western blotting and confocal immunofluorescence analysis showed that AC96 is expressed in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus throughout infection. In addition, AC96 was detected in the envelope fractions of both BV and occlusion-derived virus. Injection of vAc96null BV into the hemocoel killed Trichoplusia ni larvae as efficiently as repaired and control viruses; however, vAc96null was unable to infect the midgut tissue of Trichoplusia ni larvae when inoculated per os. Therefore, the results of this study show that ac96 encodes a new per os infectivity factor (PIF-4).

* Corresponding author. Mailing address for David A. Theilmann: Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Box 5000, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0. Phone: (250) 494-6395. Fax: (250) 494-6415. E-mail: David.Theilmann{at}agr.gc.ca. Mailing address for Martin A. Erlandson: Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2. Phone: (306) 956- 7276. Fax: (306) 956-7247. E-mail: Martin.Erlandson{at}agr.gc.ca

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 16 September 2009.

Journal of Virology, December 2009, p. 12569-12578, Vol. 83, No. 23
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01141-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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