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Journal of Virology, November 2009, p. 11959-11965, Vol. 83, No. 22
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00689-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Expansion, Reexpansion, and Recall-Like Expansion of V{gamma}2V{delta}2 T Cells in Smallpox Vaccination and Monkeypox Virus Infection{triangledown}

Lingyun Shao,1,3,{dagger} Dan Huang,1,{dagger} Huiyong Wei,1 Richard C. Wang,1 Crystal Y. Chen,1 Ling Shen,2 Wenhong Zhang,3 Jialin Jin,1 and Zheng W. Chen1*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,1 Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts,2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China3

Received 2 April 2009/ Accepted 26 August 2009

Little is known about the in vivo kinetics of T-cell responses in smallpox/monkeypox. We showed that macaque V{gamma}2V{delta}2 T cells underwent 3-week-long expansion after smallpox vaccine immunization and displayed simple reexpansion in association with sterile anti-monkeypox virus (anti-MPV) immunity after MPV challenge. Virus-activated V{gamma}2V{delta}2 T cells exhibited gamma interferon-producing effector function after phosphoantigen stimulation. Surprisingly, like {alpha}β T cells, suboptimally primed V{gamma}2V{delta}2 T cells in vaccinia virus/cidofovir-covaccinated macaques mounted major recall-like expansion after MPV challenge. Finally, V{gamma}2V{delta}2 T cells localized in inflamed lung tissues for potential regulation. Our studies provide the first in vivo evidence that viruses, despite their inability to produce exogenous phosphoantigen, can induce expansion, reexpansion, and recall-like expansion of V{gamma}2V{delta}2 T cells and stimulate their antimicrobial cytokine response.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 909 S. Wolcott Ave., MC790, Chicago, IL 60612. Phone: (312) 355-0531. Fax: (312) 996-6415. E-mail: zchen{at}uic.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 9 September 2009.

{dagger} L.S. and D.H. contributed equally to the work.

Journal of Virology, November 2009, p. 11959-11965, Vol. 83, No. 22
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00689-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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