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Journal of Virology, November 2009, p. 11673-11681, Vol. 83, No. 22
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00569-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVagm from African Green Monkeys Does Not Antagonize Endogenous Levels of African Green Monkey Tetherin/BST-2{triangledown}

Efrem S. Lim1,2 and Michael Emerman2*

Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington,1 Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington2

Received 19 March 2009/ Accepted 21 August 2009

The Vpu accessory gene that originated in the primate lentiviral lineage leading to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is an antagonist of human tetherin/BST-2 restriction. Most other primate lentivirus lineages, including the lineage represented by simian immunodeficiency virus SIVagm from African green monkeys (AGMs), do not encode Vpu. While some primate lineages encode gene products other than Vpu that overcome tetherin/BST-2, we find that SIVagm does not antagonize physiologically relevant levels of AGM tetherin/BST-2. AGM tetherin/BST-2 can be induced by low levels of type I interferon and can potently restrict two independent strains of SIVagm. Although SIVagm Nef had an effect at low levels of AGM tetherin/BST-2, simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmus Vpu, from a virus that infects the related monkey Cercopithecus cephus, is able to antagonize even at high levels of AGM tetherin/BST-2 restriction. We propose that since the replication of SIVagm does not induce interferon production in vivo, tetherin/BST-2 is not induced, and therefore, SIVagm does not need Vpu. This suggests that primate lentiviruses evolve tetherin antagonists such as Vpu or Nef only if they encounter tetherin during the typical course of natural infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. North, P.O. Box 10924, Seattle, WA 98109-1024. Phone: (206) 667-5058. Fax: (206) 667-6523. E-mail: memerman{at}fhcrc.org

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 2 September 2009.

Journal of Virology, November 2009, p. 11673-11681, Vol. 83, No. 22
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00569-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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