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Journal of Virology, November 2009, p. 11407-11411, Vol. 83, No. 21
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01211-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

High Levels of Chronic Immune Activation in the T-Cell Compartments of Patients Coinfected with Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Are Reverted by Alpha Interferon and Ribavirin Treatment {triangledown}

Veronica D. Gonzalez,1 Karolin Falconer,2 Kim G. Blom,1 Olle Reichard,2 Birgitte Mørn,3 Alex Lund Laursen,4 Nina Weis,5,6 Annette Alaeus,2 and Johan K. Sandberg1*

Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden,1 Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden,2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark,3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark,4 Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark,5 Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark6

Received 12 June 2009/ Accepted 18 August 2009

Chronic immune activation is a driver of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression. Here, we describe that subjects with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)/HIV-1 coinfection display sharply elevated immune activation as determined by CD38 expression in T cells. This occurs, despite effective antiretroviral therapy, in both CD8 and CD4 T cells and is more pronounced than in the appropriate monoinfected control groups. Interestingly, the suppression of HCV by pegylated alpha interferon and ribavirin treatment reduces activation. High HCV loads and elevated levels of chronic immune activation may contribute to the high rates of viral disease progression observed in HCV/HIV-1-coinfected patients.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medicine, F59, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden. Phone: 46-8-58589687. Fax: 46-8-7467637. E-mail: johan.sandberg{at}ki.se

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 26 August 2009.

Journal of Virology, November 2009, p. 11407-11411, Vol. 83, No. 21
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01211-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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