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Journal of Virology, November 2009, p. 11385-11390, Vol. 83, No. 21
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01363-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Rhesus Theta-Defensin Prevents Death in a Mouse Model of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Pulmonary Disease {triangledown}

Christine L. Wohlford-Lenane,1 David K. Meyerholz,2 Stanley Perlman,4 Haixia Zhou,4 Dat Tran,5 Michael E. Selsted,5 and Paul B. McCray Jr.1,3,4*

Departments of Pediatrics,1 Pathology,2 Internal Medicine,3 Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242,4 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 926975

Received 2 July 2009/ Accepted 13 August 2009

We evaluated the efficacy of rhesus theta-defensin 1 (RTD-1), a novel cyclic antimicrobial peptide, as a prophylactic antiviral in a mouse model of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) lung disease. BALB/c mice exposed to a mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV demonstrated 100% survival and modest reductions in lung pathology without reductions in virus titer when treated with two intranasal doses of RTD-1, while mortality in untreated mice was ~75%. RTD-1-treated, SARS-CoV-infected mice displayed altered lung tissue cytokine responses 2 and 4 days postinfection compared to those of untreated animals, suggesting that one possible mechanism of action for RTD-1 is immunomodulatory.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pediatrics, 240G EMRB, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242. Phone: (319) 355-6844. Fax: (319) 335-6925. E-mail: paul-mccray{at}uiowa.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 26 August 2009.

Journal of Virology, November 2009, p. 11385-11390, Vol. 83, No. 21
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01363-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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