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Journal of Virology, October 2009, p. 10527-10537, Vol. 83, No. 20
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01235-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Partial Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication by Type I Interferons: Impact of Cell-to-Cell Viral Transfer{triangledown}

Daniela Vendrame,{dagger} Marion Sourisseau,{dagger} Virginie Perrin, Olivier Schwartz,{ddagger}* and Fabrizio Mammano{ddagger}*

Institut Pasteur, Virus and Immunity Unit, CNRS URA 3015, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France

Received 15 June 2009/ Accepted 31 July 2009

Type I interferons (IFN) inhibit several steps of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) replication cycle. Some HIV proteins, like Vif and Vpu, directly counteract IFN-induced restriction factors. Other mechanisms are expected to modulate the extent of IFN inhibition. Here, we studied the impact of IFN on various aspects of HIV replication in primary T lymphocytes. We confirm the potent effect of IFN on Gag p24 production in supernatants. Interestingly, IFN had a more limited effect on HIV spread, measured as the appearance of Gag-expressing cells. Primary isolates displayed similar differences in the inhibition of p24 release and virus spread. Virus emergence was the consequence of suboptimal inhibition of HIV replication and was not due to the selection of resistant variants. Cell-to-cell HIV transfer, a potent means of virus replication, was less sensitive to IFN than infection by cell-free virions. These results suggest that IFN are less active in cell cultures than initially thought. They help explain the incomplete protection by naturally secreted IFN during HIV infection and the unsatisfactory outcome of IFN treatment in HIV-infected patients.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS URA 3015, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France. Phone for O. Schwartz: 33 1 4568 8353. Fax: 33 1 4061 3465. E-mail: schwartz{at}pasteur.fr. Phone for F. Mammano: 33 1 4568 8912. Fax: 33 1 4061 3465. E-mail: mammano{at}pasteur.fr

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 12 August 2009.

{dagger} D.V. and M.S contributed equally as first authors.

{ddagger} O.S. and F.M. contributed equally as senior authors.

Journal of Virology, October 2009, p. 10527-10537, Vol. 83, No. 20
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01235-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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