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Journal of Virology, January 2009, p. 1115-1125, Vol. 83, No. 2
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00984-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Coadministration of Cidofovir and Smallpox Vaccine Reduced Vaccination Side Effects but Interfered with Vaccine-Elicited Immune Responses and Immunity to Monkeypox{triangledown}

Huiyong Wei,1,{dagger} Dan Huang,1,{dagger} Jeff Fortman,2 Richard Wang,1 Linyun Shao,1 and Zheng W. Chen1*

Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612,1 Biological Resource Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 606122

Received 12 May 2008/ Accepted 2 November 2008

While the smallpox vaccine, Dryvax or Dryvax-derived ACAM2000, holds potential for public immunization against the spread of smallpox by bioterror, there is serious concern about Dryvax-mediated side effects. Here, we report that a single-dose vaccination regimen comprised of Dryvax and an antiviral agent, cidofovir, could reduce vaccinia viral loads after vaccination and significantly control Dryvax vaccination side effects. However, coadministration of cidofovir and Dryvax also reduced vaccine-elicited immune responses of antibody and T effector cells despite the fact that the reduced priming could be boosted as a recall response after monkeypox virus challenge. Evaluations of four different aspects of vaccine efficacy showed that coadministration of cidofovir and Dryvax compromised the Dryvax-induced immunity against monkeypox, although the covaccinated monkeys exhibited measurable protection against monkeypox compared to that of naïve controls. Thus, the single-dose coadministration of cidofovir and Dryvax effectively controlled vaccination side effects but significantly compromised vaccine-elicited immune responses and vaccine-induced immunity to monkeypox.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612. Phone: (312) 355-0531. Fax: (312) 996-6415. E-mail: zchen{at}uic.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 12 November 2008.

{dagger} Huiyong Wei and Dan Huang contributed equally to this work.

Journal of Virology, January 2009, p. 1115-1125, Vol. 83, No. 2
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00984-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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