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Journal of Virology, October 2009, p. 10152-10162, Vol. 83, No. 19
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02546-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Evolution of Teleost Fish Retroviruses: Characterization of New Retroviruses with Cellular Genes{triangledown}

Holly A. Basta,1,{dagger} Sean B. Cleveland,1 Rochelle A. Clinton,1 Alexander G. Dimitrov,2 and Marcella A. McClure1,2*

Department of Microbiology,1 Center for Computational Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 597172

Received 11 December 2008/ Accepted 11 July 2009

The interactions between retroviruses and their hosts can be of a beneficial or detrimental nature. Some endogenous retroviruses are involved in development, while others cause disease. The Genome Parsing Suite (GPS) is a software tool to track and trace all Retroid agents in any sequenced genome (M. A. McClure et al., Genomics 85:512-523, 2005). Using the GPS, the retroviral content was assessed in four model teleost fish. Eleven new species of fish retroviruses are identified and characterized. The reverse transcriptase protein sequences were used to reconstruct a fish retrovirus phylogeny, thereby, significantly expanding the epsilonretrovirus family. Most of these novel retroviruses encode additional genes, some of which are homologous to cellular genes that would confer viral advantage. Although the fish divergence is much more ancient, retroviruses began infecting fish genomes approximately 4 million years ago.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, 109 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717. Phone: (406) 994-7370. Fax: (406) 994-4926. E-mail: marsmcclure{at}gmail.com

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 22 July 2009.

{dagger} Present address: CMB Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 413 Bock Laboratories, 1525 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706.

Journal of Virology, October 2009, p. 10152-10162, Vol. 83, No. 19
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02546-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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