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Journal of Virology, September 2009, p. 9541-9553, Vol. 83, No. 18
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00702-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Genome of Human Parvovirus B19 Can Replicate in Nonpermissive Cells with the Help of Adenovirus Genes and Produces Infectious Virus{triangledown}

Wuxiang Guan,1 Susan Wong,2 Ning Zhi,2 and Jianming Qiu1*

Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas,1 Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland2

Received 3 April 2009/ Accepted 1 July 2009

Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a member of the genus Erythrovirus in the family Parvoviridae. In vitro, autonomous B19V replication is limited to human erythroid progenitor cells and in a small number of erythropoietin-dependent human megakaryoblastoid and erythroid leukemic cell lines. Here we report that the failure of B19V DNA replication in nonpermissive 293 cells can be overcome by adenovirus infection. More specifically, the replication of B19V DNA in the 293 cells and the production of infectious progeny virus were made possible by the presence of the adenovirus E2a, E4orf6, and VA RNA genes that emerged during the transfection of the pHelper plasmid. Using this replication system, we identified the terminal resolution site and the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) binding site on the right terminal palindrome of the viral genome, which is composed of a minimal origin of replication spanning 67 nucleotides. Plasmids or DNA fragments containing an NS1 expression cassette and this minimal origin were able to replicate in both pHelper-transfected 293 cells and B19V-semipermissive UT7/Epo-S1 cells. Our results have important implications for our understanding of native B19V infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Mail Stop 3029, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160. Phone: (913) 588-4329. Fax: (913) 588-7295. E-mail: jqiu{at}kumc.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 8 July 2009.

Journal of Virology, September 2009, p. 9541-9553, Vol. 83, No. 18
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00702-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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