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Journal of Virology, September 2009, p. 9388-9397, Vol. 83, No. 18
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00869-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Closest Relatives of Icosahedral Viruses of Thermophilic Bacteria Are among Viruses and Plasmids of the Halophilic Archaea{triangledown}

Matti Jalasvuori,1 Silja T. Jaatinen,2 Simonas Laurinavicius,2,{dagger} Elina Ahola-Iivarinen,3 Nisse Kalkkinen,3 Dennis H. Bamford,2 and Jaana K. H. Bamford1*

Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland,1 Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 5, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland,2 Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Viikinkaari 1, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland3

Received 30 April 2009/ Accepted 26 June 2009

We have sequenced the genome and identified the structural proteins and lipids of the novel membrane-containing, icosahedral virus P23-77 of Thermus thermophilus. P23-77 has an ~17-kb circular double-stranded DNA genome, which was annotated to contain 37 putative genes. Virions were subjected to dissociation analysis, and five protein species were shown to associate with the internal viral membrane, while three were constituents of the protein capsid. Analysis of the bacteriophage genome revealed it to be evolutionarily related to another Thermus phage (IN93), archaeal Halobacterium plasmid (pHH205), a genetic element integrated into Haloarcula genome (designated here as IHP for integrated Haloarcula provirus), and the Haloarcula virus SH1. These genetic elements share two major capsid proteins and a putative packaging ATPase. The ATPase is similar with the ATPases found in the PRD1-type viruses, thus providing an evolutionary link to these viruses and furthering our knowledge on the origin of viruses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Phone: 358 14 260 2272. Fax: 358 14 260 2221. E-mail: jaana.bamford{at}jyu.fi

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 8 July 2009.

{dagger} Present address: Genome-Scale Biology Program, Institute of Biomedicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.

Journal of Virology, September 2009, p. 9388-9397, Vol. 83, No. 18
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00869-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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