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Journal of Virology, August 2009, p. 8099-8107, Vol. 83, No. 16
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00488-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Roles of Gag and NCp7 in Facilitating Formula Annealing to Viral RNA in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1{triangledown}

Fei Guo,1,4* Jenan Saadatmand,1,2 Meijuan Niu,1 and Lawrence Kleiman1,2,3*

Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital,1 Departments of Medicine,2 Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, H3T 1E2 Quebec, Canada,3 State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China4

Received 9 March 2009/ Accepted 26 May 2009

In protease-negative human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) [Pr(-)], the amount of Formula annealed by Gag is modestly reduced (~25%) compared to that annealed by mature nucleocapsid (NCp7) in protease-positive HIV-1 [Pr(+)]. However, the Formula annealed by Gag also has a strongly reduced ability to initiate reverse transcription and binds less tightly to viral RNA. Both in vivo and in vitro, APOBEC3G (A3G) inhibits Formula annealing facilitated by NCp7 but not annealing facilitated by Gag. While transient exposure of Pr(-) viral RNA to NCp7 in vitro returns the quality and quantity of Formula annealing to Pr(+) levels, the presence of A3G both prevents this rescue and creates a further reduction in Formula annealing. Since A3G inhibition of NCp7-facilitated Formula annealing in vitro requires the presence of A3G during the annealing process, these results suggest that in Pr(+) viruses NCp7 can displace Gag-annealed Formula and re-anneal it to viral RNA, the re-annealing step being subject to A3G inhibition. This supports the possibility that the initial annealing of Formula in wild-type, Pr(+) virus may be by Gag and not by NCp7, perhaps offering the advantage of Gag's preference for binding to RNA stem-loops in the 5' region of viral RNA near the Formula annealing region.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address for Lawrence Kleiman: Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote St. Catherine Rd., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2. Phone: (514) 340-8260. Fax: (514) 340-7502. E-mail: lawrence.kleiman{at}mcgill.ca. Mailing address for Fei Guo: State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China. Phone: 8610-65105157. Fax: 8610-65195160. E-mail: guoafei{at}gmail.ca

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 3 June 2009.

Journal of Virology, August 2009, p. 8099-8107, Vol. 83, No. 16
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00488-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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