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Journal of Virology, August 2009, p. 8041-8050, Vol. 83, No. 16
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00382-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Negative Autoregulation of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Replicative Gene Expression by EBV SM Protein{triangledown}

Dinesh Verma,1 Chen Ling,1 Eric Johannsen,2 Tirumuru Nagaraja,1,{dagger} and Sankar Swaminathan1*

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and UF Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610,1 Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 021152

Received 20 February 2009/ Accepted 1 June 2009

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) SM protein is essential for lytic EBV DNA replication and virion production. When EBV replication is induced in cells infected with an SM-deleted recombinant EBV, approximately 50% of EBV genes are expressed inefficiently. When EBV replication is rescued by transfection of SM, SM enhances expression of these genes by direct and indirect mechanisms. While expression of most EBV genes is either unaffected or enhanced by SM, expression of several genes is decreased in the presence of SM. Expression of BHRF1, a homolog of cellular bcl-2, is particularly decreased in the presence of SM. Investigation of the mechanism of BHRF1 downregulation revealed that SM downregulates expression of the immediate-early EBV transactivator R. In EBV-infected cells, R-responsive promoters, including the BHRF1 and SM promoters, were less active in the presence of SM, consistent with SM inhibition of R expression. SM decreased spliced R mRNA levels, supporting a posttranscriptional mechanism of R inhibition. R and BHRF1 expression were also found to decrease during later stages of EBV lytic replication in EBV-infected lymphoma cells. These data indicate that feedback regulation of immediate-early and early genes occurs during the lytic cycle of EBV regulation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 1376 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610-3633. Phone: (352) 273-8206. Fax: (352) 273-8299. E-mail: sswamina{at}ufl.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 10 June 2009.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

Journal of Virology, August 2009, p. 8041-8050, Vol. 83, No. 16
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00382-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Han, Z., Verma, D., Hilscher, C., Dittmer, D. P., Swaminathan, S. (2009). General and Target-Specific RNA Binding Properties of Epstein-Barr Virus SM Posttranscriptional Regulatory Protein. J. Virol. 83: 11635-11644 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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