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Journal of Virology, July 2009, p. 6375-6382, Vol. 83, No. 13
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02571-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Hepatitis E Virus Open Reading Frame 3 Product Interacts with Microtubules and Interferes with Their Dynamics{triangledown}

Harilakshmi Kannan, Sumin Fan, Deendayal Patel, Ioannis Bossis, and Yan-Jin Zhang*

Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland

Received 12 December 2008/ Accepted 7 April 2009

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E, a major form of viral hepatitis in developing countries. The open reading frame 3 (ORF3) of HEV encodes a phosphoprotein with a molecular mass of approximately 13 kDa (hereinafter called vp13). vp13 is essential for establishing HEV infections in animals, yet its exact functions are still obscure. Our current study found evidence showing interaction between vp13 and microtubules. Live-cell confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed both filamentous and punctate distribution patterns of vp13 in cells transfected with recombinant ORF3 reporter plasmids. The filamentous pattern of vp13 was altered by a microtubule-destabilizing drug. The vp13 expression led to elevation of acetylated {alpha}-tubulin, indicating increased microtubule stability. Its association with microtubules was further supported by its presence in microtubule-containing pellets in microtubule isolation assays. Exposure of these pellets to a high-salt buffer caused release of the vp13 to the supernatant, suggesting an electrostatic interaction. Inclusion of ATP and GTP in the lysis buffer during microtubule isolation also disrupted the interaction, indicating its sensitivity to the nucleotides. Further assays showed that motor proteins are needed for the vp13 association with the microtubules because disruption of dynein function abolished the vp13 filamentous pattern. Analysis of ORF3 deletion constructs found that both of the N-terminal hydrophobic domains of vp13 are needed for the interaction. Thus, our findings suggest that the vp13 interaction with microtubules might be needed for establishment of an HEV infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20742. Phone: (301) 314-6596. Fax: (301) 314-6855. E-mail: zhangyj{at}umd.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 15 April 2009.

Journal of Virology, July 2009, p. 6375-6382, Vol. 83, No. 13
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02571-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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